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In ancient China, the practice of foot binding, or “lotus feet,” was rooted in a cultural ideal of beauty, femininity, and social status, especially during the Song Dynasty (10th–13th century) through to the early 20th century. Small, bound feet were seen as a symbol of refinement and attractiveness. Here are a few main reasons behind the practice:

1. Symbol of Beauty: Bound feet, ideally around three inches in length, were considered aesthetically pleasing and a mark of feminine beauty. The “lotus feet” shape was associated with grace and delicacy, attributes highly valued in women.
2. Sign of Status and Wealth: Foot binding indicated a family’s wealth and social standing. Girls from wealthy families were more likely to bind their feet as they didn’t need to work. In contrast, unbound feet were common among lower-class women who worked in fields or performed labor-intensive tasks.
3. Control of Mobility and Virtue: The limited mobility caused by foot binding kept women largely confined to the home, aligning with Confucian ideals that valued women’s domestic roles. Foot binding was believed to cultivate obedience, which was seen as a desirable trait in a wife.
4. Marriage Prospects: Foot binding became a prerequisite for marriage among elite families, as small feet were often seen as a crucial trait for a suitable bride. A girl with bound feet was more likely to secure a favorable marriage, while unbound feet could limit her prospects.

The practice was eventually outlawed in the early 20th century due to social reform movements, but its legacy left a lasting impact on Chinese culture.